Highlights:

• What are the main causes and risk factors for the development of lumbago, and how does it differ from other spinal disorders?
• What are the characteristic symptoms of lumbago, and in which cases is it essential to seek medical attention?
• What are the effective methods for treating lumbago, and what role does the combined medication Fenaxon play in relieving the symptoms?

Lumbago, also known as lower back pain, is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. It is estimated that up to 80% of people will experience this type of pain at least once in their lifetime. The condition affects both younger, active individuals and older adults, making it a significant health issue. Despite its widespread occurrence, lumbago is often underestimated—patients rarely seek medical help in a timely manner, and the symptoms are frequently downplayed or treated superficially.

This underestimation can lead to chronic pain, reduced work capacity, and a lower quality of life. For this reason, it is important to understand the key aspects of the condition—its possible causes, typical symptoms, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment. Being well-informed is the first step toward effectively managing the problem and limiting its long-term consequences.

What is lumbago?

Lumbago is a sudden or gradually developing pain in the lower (lumbar) region of the spine, often described as a “twinge” or “sharp shooting pain” in the lower back. This condition is not a disease in itself but rather a complex of symptoms associated with various functional or structural disorders in the lower back area.

The main characteristics of lumbago include sharp or dull pain localized in the lumbar region, which may be accompanied by limited mobility, muscle stiffness, and in some cases, reflex tension in the surrounding muscles. The pain typically worsens with physical exertion, sudden movements, or prolonged standing in one position.

It is important to distinguish lumbago from other spinal conditions such as a herniated disc, sciatica, or spinal stenosis. While lumbago is most often caused by musculoskeletal strain or exposure to cold, the related conditions may involve nerve root compression and result in radiating pain toward the lower limbs, as well as sensations of numbness or weakness. Accurate differentiation between these conditions is essential for choosing the appropriate treatment and preventing complications.

Causes and risk factors

Lumbago can be triggered by a variety of factors, often involving a combination of mechanical, physiological, and external influences. Among the most common causes is excessive physical strain, especially when lifting heavy objects, making sudden body twists, or performing repetitive movements. Such strain can lead to stretching of the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in the lower back, resulting in pain and limited mobility.

Poor posture—whether while sitting, standing, or walking—also plays a significant role. Prolonged maintenance of an incorrect position places uneven pressure on the spine and surrounding muscles, creating conditions for tension and pain to develop. Sudden, uncoordinated movements or performing activities without proper warm-up increase the risk of acute lumbago.

Temperature-related influences—particularly exposure to drafts or sudden temperature changes—can lead to muscle spasms, which in turn trigger pain in the lower back. This is a common scenario after physical exertion or working outdoors followed by cooling down.

As we age, degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs and spinal joints become more pronounced. Conditions like osteochondrosis, arthritis, and narrowing of the intervertebral spaces increase the risk of developing lumbago—especially when additional predisposing factors are present, such as excess weight, lack of physical activity, or previous injuries.

Symptoms and recognition of lumbago

Lumbago is characterized by clearly defined symptoms that usually appear suddenly, although in some cases they may develop gradually. The most typical and primary symptom is lower back pain—it can be sharp, stabbing, or dull and persistent. In many cases, patients describe the sensation as a “lock-up” or “shooting pain” in the lower back, especially when attempting to move.

The pain is most localized in the lumbar region, without radiating to the limbs, which distinguishes lumbago from conditions such as sciatica. The pain may occur on one or both sides, and its intensity can range from mild and annoying to severe and disabling. It usually worsens with physical exertion, bending, straightening up, or prolonged standing in one position.

In addition to pain, mobility limitations are often observed movements of the spine become stiff and painful, and the patient may adopt a relieving posture to reduce discomfort. Accompanying muscle spasms are also possible, further restricting movement and maintaining the pain cycle. These symptoms significantly affect the daily activities and quality of life of those affected.

Treatment and symptom relief

The approach to treating lumbago depends on the severity of the symptoms and the specific causes behind them. In most cases, the condition is benign and responds well to a combination of measures, including both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments.

Non-pharmacological approaches play an important role, especially in the early stages. Short-term rest (usually no more than 1–2 days) can help reduce pain, but prolonged immobilization is not recommended, as it can lead to muscle weakening and delay recovery. Maintaining a comfortable position—typically lying down with knees bent—helps relieve tension in the lower back. Gradual introduction of light mobility exercises and stretching supports the return of movement and reduces the risk of recurrence.

Pharmacological treatment is aimed at relieving pain and controlling inflammation. The most common used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain relievers, and muscle relaxants. Their effectiveness increases when used in combination.

In this context, Fenaxon is particularly useful—a combined product that contains both a muscle-relaxing component and an anti-inflammatory agent. Thanks to its dual action, Fenaxonsimultaneously reduces muscle spasms and suppresses inflammation, thus contributing to faster and more complete symptom relief. It is suitable for both acute and subacute forms of lumbago and is well tolerated by most patients when used properly and under medical supervision.

When to seek medical help

Although in many cases lumbago can be managed with home remedies and short-term medication, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. Self-treatment is not sufficient when the pain is severe, lasts for more than a few days without improvement, or worsens despite the application of standard relief measures.

There are also several warning signs that may indicate complications or a more serious underlying condition. These include radiating pain down the leg, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower limbs, loss of control over the bladder or bowels, as well as sudden and intense pain accompanied by fever or weight loss. In such cases, nerve compression or an inflammatory process may be present, and immediate medical evaluation is required.

Additionally, if lower back pain occurs frequently or becomes chronic, it signals the need for more thorough diagnostics. Imaging tests such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) may be needed to clarify the cause and determine the most appropriate treatment plan. Consultation with an orthopedic specialist, neurologist, or physical and rehabilitation medicine specialist is an important step toward more precise and effective treatment.

Conclusion

Lumbago is a widespread condition that affects a large portion of the population and often leads to significant discomfort and limitations in daily life. Although in most cases it does not pose a serious medical threat, proper recognition of the symptoms and an adequate response at an early stage are essential to avoid complications and chronic development.

Understanding the main causes and risk factors, as well as applying appropriate treatment strategies—from rest and physical exercises to effective medication—can greatly improve the condition. The use of combined products like Fenaxon, which offers both muscle-relaxing and anti-inflammatory effects, provides a comprehensive approach to relieving pain and restoring mobility.

Awareness, prevention, and timely consultation with a specialist remain key elements in the fight against lower back pain. The earlier action is taken, the greater the chances for a quick recovery and maintaining an active, fulfilling lifestyle.

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FAQ:

What is the difference between lumbago and sciatica?

• Lumbago refers to pain localized in the lower back, which usually does not spread below the buttocks. In contrast, sciatica is characterized by pain that starts in the lower back and radiates down the leg, often as a result of compression of the sciatic nerve.

Can lumbago be prevented?

• Although not all cases can be prevented, maintaining a healthy weight, proper posture, regular physical activity, and using correct lifting techniques can reduce the risk of developing lumbago.

Is lumbago a sign of a more serious condition?

• Lumbago most often resolves on its own. However, if it is accompanied by symptoms such as numbness, weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control, it may be a sign of a more serious issue and requires medical attention.

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Sources:

https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/causes-and-risk-factors-lumbar-degenerative-disc-disease  

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain_With_Mobility_Deficit  

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007422.htm 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37014979/ 

https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2024/04/low-back-pain-vs-sciatica 

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-should-i-be-worried-about-lower-back-pain  

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7936-lower-back-pain  

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